Determinan Pangsa Pengeluaran Pangan Petani Padi Sawah Desa Sidoharjo: Pendapatan, Pendidikan, Luas Lahan, dan Tanggungan

Abstract

The food security of lowland rice farming households is highly vulnerable to socioeconomic fluctuations, making it a crucial ongoing rural challenge. This study explicitly aimed to: (1) measure the food security level of these households, and (2) analyze the effects of income, educational level, cultivated land area, and the number of family dependents on food security. This quantitative study was conducted in Sidoharjo Village. The sample consisted of 72 respondents drawn from a 252-household population using the Slovin formula and simple random sampling. Primary data was collected directly through questionnaires. Food security was evaluated using the Food Expenditure Share (FES) approach, while hypothesis testing was analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS. The results indicated the food security level was very low, evidenced by 98.61% of households classified as food insecure with a remarkably high average FES of 72.92%. Simultaneously, all independent variables (income, education, land area, dependents) significantly affected FES (Fcount = 7.453; sig. < 0.001) with an explanatory capability of 30.8% (R² = 0.308). Partially, only educational level (sig. 0.004) and family dependents (sig. 0.008) had a significant, negative effect on FES, whereas income and land area had no significant effect. In conclusion, improving food security in Sidoharjo Village requires comprehensive policies that promote educational access and dependency management, rather than solely relying on agricultural production.