Analisis Kriminologis terhadap Penerapan Risk Need Responsivity dalam Rehabilitasi Remaja Penyalahguna Narkotika di LPKA Tangerang

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the criminological effectiveness of implementing the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model within the rehabilitation program for adolescent narcotics abusers at the Special Class I Children's Development Institution (LPKA) Tangerang. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through participatory observation, literature review, and in-depth interviews with LPKA officers, National Narcotics Board (BNN) representatives, and child inmates. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Risk principle is appropriate, effectively avoiding over-intervention for low-risk inmates. Regarding the Need principle, economic criminogenic needs are addressed through vocational training; however, psychosocial intervention remains constrained by the absence of a permanent clinical psychologist. The Responsivity principle is executed reasonably well through a non-punitive, humanistic approach by officers alongside structured activity schedules to alleviate boredom. Institutionally, the program succeeds in improving the inmates' quality of life during their stay at LPKA. Nevertheless, long-term effectiveness remains sub-optimal due to the lack of a post-rehabilitation (aftercare) program. This study recommends adopting a Resource-Adaptive RNR Model and an Integrative RNR Continuum Theory to prevent recidivism upon reintegration into society.